• Neotype designation: Fischer & Fisher, 2013: 332.
• [Unjustified emendation of spelling to megalocephala: Schulz, 1906: 155.]
• Latreille, 1802a: 232 (q.); Mayr, 1861: 70 (s.w.q.m.); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1953b: 75 (l.)
• Combination in Myrmica: Losana, 1834: 328.
• Combination in Pheidole: Mayr, 1861: 70 (in key); Roger, 1863b: 30.
• Status as species: Latreille, 1802a: 232; Fabricius, 1804: 411; Losana, 1834: 328; Mayr, 1855: 458 (footnote); Mayr, 1861: 70 (in key); Roger, 1863b: 30, 49; Mayr, 1863a: 441; Dours, 1873: 169; André, 1874c: 198 (in key); Emery & Forel, 1879: 463; Forel, 1881: 8; André, 1883b: 383 (in key); Nasonov, 1889: 38; Saunders, 1890: 205; Forel, 1891c: 176 (redescription); Emery, 1891c: 13; Dalla Torre, 1892: 90; Emery, 1892c: 160; Mayr, 1893b: 201; Forel, 1893j: 417; Dalla Torre, 1893: 92; Emery, 1893e: 84; Emery, 1893h: 243; Forel, 1895e: 227, 231; Emery, 1895d: 294; Emery, 1895g: 337; Emery, 1895m: 468; Saunders, 1896: 42; Emery, 1897f: 598; Forel, 1899a: 118; Forel, 1899b: 76; Emery, 1899e: 280; Emery, 1900: 682; Forel, 1901j: 365; Forel, 1901m: 81; Emery, 1901i: 567; Ruzsky, 1902d: 26; Forel, 1902c: 173 (in key); Forel, 1902g: 543; Forel, 1902j: 433; Bingham, 1903: 242; Forel, 1903f: 406; Mayr, 1904b: 7; Ruzsky, 1905b: 650; Wheeler, 1905c: 125; Wheeler, 1906j: 349; Wheeler, 1907b: 272; Mayr, 1907b: 13; Forel, 1907g: 91; Forel, 1907h: 17; Forel, 1907i: 81; Forel, 1908b: 3; Forel, 1908c: 52; Forel, 1908a: 65; Santschi, 1908: 517; Wheeler, 1908a: 133; Forel, 1909i: 226; Wheeler, 1909c: 272; Wheeler, 1909d: 336; Santschi, 1910c: 370; Yano, 1910a: 419; Wheeler, 1910a: 563; Wheeler, 1911a: 23; Forel, 1912a: 69; Forel, 1912g: 234; Forel, 1913f: 662; Forel, 1913g: 193; Forel, 1913l: 27; Wheeler, 1913b: 492; Santschi, 1914b: 75; Santschi, 1914d: 336; Santschi, 1914e: 22; Stitz, 1914: 67; Wheeler & Mann, 1914: 22; Forel, 1915a: 28; Forel, 1915b: 66; Emery, 1915i: 235, 238; Donisthorpe, 1915f: 338; Crawley, 1915b: 235; Wheeler & Mann, 1916: 170; Stitz, 1917: 340; Wheeler, 1917g: 458; Wheeler, 1919f: 65; Santschi, 1920i: 2; Emery, 1921c: 85; Wheeler, 1922: 131, 812, 1018; Stitz, 1923: 154; Wheeler, 1924c: 243; Mann, 1925b: 5; Santschi, 1925h: 160; Stärcke, 1926a: 87 (in key); Wheeler, 1927d: 4; Wheeler, 1927g: 105; Donisthorpe, 1927c: 389; Clark, 1928b: 169; Cheesman & Crawley, 1928: 517; Santschi, 1928a: 47; Santschi, 1928c: 69; Wheeler, 1928c: 11; Menozzi, 1929b: 2; Wheeler, 1929h: 60; Menozzi, 1930h: 328; Menozzi & Russo, 1930: 152; Wheeler, 1930b: 98; Wheeler, 1930k: 63; Santschi, 1930b: 67; Donisthorpe, 1932c: 455; Wheeler, 1932e: 156; Wheeler, 1932g: 14; Wheeler, 1933f: 142; Wheeler, 1934a: 174; Wheeler, 1934i: 11; Donisthorpe, 1935: 633; Karavaiev, 1935a: 77; Santschi, 1935b: 267; Wheeler, 1935g: 18; Wheeler, 1936c: 198; Wheeler, 1936g: 5; Smith, 1937: 843; Wheeler, 1937a: 22; Santschi, 1937b: 98; Santschi, 1937d: 217; Menozzi, 1939c: 103; Santschi, 1939c: 7; Santschi, 1939f: 161; Teranishi, 1940: 58; Menozzi, 1942a: 166; Weber, 1943d: 305; Eidmann, 1944: 442, 469; Donisthorpe, 1946i: 29; Weber, 1948b: 81; Donisthorpe, 1949f: 275; Bernard, 1950c: 287; Donisthorpe, 1950e: 1061; Smith, 1951c: 803; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 145; Menozzi & Consani, 1952: 62; Bernard, 1953b: 225; Smith, 1954c: 4; Wellenius, 1955: 6; Ceballos, 1956: 302; Smith, 1958c: 122; Gregg, 1959: 12 (in key); Kempf, 1962b: 18; Taylor & Wilson, 1962: 143; Bernard, 1967a: 153 (redescription); Smith, 1967a: 354; Taylor, 1967b: 1094; Wilson & Taylor, 1967b: 46, 103; Yarrow, 1967: 27; Bernard, 1971: 7; Kempf, 1972b: 196; Alayo, 1974: 12 (in key); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 4 (in key); Taylor, 1976a: 84; Taylor, 1976b: 195; Báez & Ortega, 1978: 190; Smith, 1979: 1371; Collingwood, 1979: 62; Onoyama, 1980a: 197; Barquín, 1981: 111; Brown, 1981: 529; Ogata, 1982: 197; Collingwood, 1985: 254; Naves, 1985: 64; Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986g: 42 (in key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 54; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 272 (in key); Taylor, 1987a: 54; Deyrup et al., 1989: 95; Brandão, 1991: 370; Ogata, 1991b: 93; Morisita et al., 1992: 24; Collingwood, 1993b: 194; Hohmann et al., 1993: 156; Dlussky, 1994a: 54; Bolton, 1995b: 325; Wu & Wang, 1995a: 103; Tang et al., 1995: 57; Dorow, 1996a: 79; Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 323; Berry et al., 1997: 27; Espadaler, 1997g: 31; Zhou & Zheng, 1999: 84 (in key); Deyrup et al., 2000: 296; Zhou, 2001a: 127; Eguchi, 2001b: 77 (redescription) ; Markó & Csősz, 2002: 115; Wetterer, 2002: 129; Blard et al., 2003: 131; Imai et al., 2003: 159; Deyrup, 2003: 46; Lin & Wu, 2003: 65; Wetterer & Vargo, 2003: 417; Wilson, 2003a: 549 (redescription); Wetterer & Wetterer, 2004: 215; Jaitrong & Nabhitabhata, 2005: 34; Petrov, 2006: 93 (in key); Wetterer, 2006: 415; Clouse, 2007b: 240; Don, 2007: 128; Wetterer et al., 2007: 31; Wetterer et al., 2007: 18; Framenau & Thomas, 2008: 71; Eguchi, 2008: 55 (redescription); Heterick, 2009: 169; Terayama, 2009: 170; Mohanraj et al., 2010: 7; Collingwood et al., 2011: 438; Karaman, 2011b: 48; Legakis, 2011: 12; Pfeiffer et al., 2011: 49; Borowiec & Salata, 2012: 526; Guénard & Dunn, 2012: 50; Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 23; Sarnat & Economo, 2012: 99; Wetterer, 2012e: 51; Borowiec & Salata, 2013: 363; Fischer & Fisher, 2013: 332 (redescription); Hita Garcia et al., 2013: 214; Sarnat et al., 2013: 71; Borowiec, 2014: 142 (see note in bibliography); Ramage, 2014: 172; Tohmé & Tohmé, 2014: 135; Bezděčková et al., 2015: 120; Sarnat et al., 2015: 50 (redescription); Bharti et al., 2016: 42; Lebas et al., 2016: 332; Wetterer et al., 2016: 15; Deyrup, 2017: 90; Sharaf et al., 2018: 27; Dekoninck et al., 2019: 1157; Longino, 2019: 101; Lubertazzi, 2019: 149; Dias et al., 2020: 84; Yamane & Hosoishi, 2020: 45; Khachonpisitsak et al., 2020: 111; Salata & Fisher, 2022: 11; Wang et al., 2022: 91; Sharaf et al., 2022: 72; Lebas, 2022: 188; Herrera et al., 2024: 184.
• Senior synonym of Pheidole agilis: Eguchi, 2008: 56; Fischer & Fisher, 2013: 333; Sarnat et al., 2015: 50.
• Senior synonym of Pheidole picata bernhardae: Fischer & Fisher, 2013: 333; Sarnat et al., 2015: 51.
• Senior synonym of Pheidole edax: Dalla Torre, 1892: 90; Emery, 1892c: 160; Dalla Torre, 1893: 92; Emery, 1915i: 235; Emery, 1921c: 85; Wheeler, 1922: 812; Bolton, 1995b: 325; Eguchi, 2001b: 77; Eguchi, 2008: 56; Fischer & Fisher, 2013: 332; Sarnat et al., 2015: 50.
• Senior synonym of Pheidole picata gietleni: Fischer & Fisher, 2013: 333; Sarnat et al., 2015: 51.
• Senior synonym of Pheidole janus: Dalla Torre, 1893: 92; Forel, 1899b: 76; Wheeler, 1919f: 66; Wheeler, 1922: 813; Smith, 1954c: 4; Bolton, 1995b: 325; Eguchi, 2008: 56; Fischer & Fisher, 2013: 332; Sarnat et al., 2015: 50.
• Senior synonym of Pheidole laevigata Smith, 1855b: Roger, 1863b: 30; Dours, 1873: 169; Emery & Forel, 1879: 463; Dalla Torre, 1893: 92; Forel, 1899b: 77; Ruzsky, 1905b: 650; Wheeler, 1919f: 66; Bolton, 1995b: 325; Eguchi, 2008: 56; Fischer & Fisher, 2013: 332; Sarnat et al., 2015: 50.
• Senior synonym of Pheidole laevigata Mayr, 1862: Roger, 1863b: 30; Emery & Forel, 1879: 463; Forel, 1891c: 176; Dalla Torre, 1893: 92; Forel, 1899b: 77; Ruzsky, 1905b: 650; Wheeler, 1919f: 66; Wheeler, 1922: 812; Donisthorpe, 1927c: 389; Donisthorpe, 1935: 633; Smith, 1954c: 4; Kempf, 1972b: 196; Naves, 1985: 64; Bolton, 1995b: 325; Eguchi, 2008: 56; Fischer & Fisher, 2013: 333; Sarnat et al., 2015: 50.
• Senior synonym of Pheidole perniciosa: Emery, 1915i: 235; Emery, 1921c: 85; Wheeler, 1922: 813; Bolton, 1995b: 325; Eguchi, 2001b: 77; Zhou, 2001a: 127; Eguchi, 2008: 55; Fischer & Fisher, 2013: 333; Sarnat et al., 2015: 50.
• Senior synonym of Pheidole picata: Fischer & Fisher, 2013: 333; Sarnat et al., 2015: 51.
• Senior synonym of Pheidole pusilla: Roger, 1863b: 30; Dours, 1873: 169; André, 1874c: 204 (in list); Emery & Forel, 1879: 463; Forel, 1891c: 176; Dalla Torre, 1892: 90; Dalla Torre, 1893: 92; Forel, 1895e: 231; Forel, 1899b: 76; Ruzsky, 1905b: 650; Wheeler, 1911g: 169; Wheeler, 1919f: 66; Wheeler, 1922: 812; Donisthorpe, 1927c: 389; Donisthorpe, 1935: 633; Smith, 1954c: 4; Kempf, 1972b: 196; Naves, 1985: 64; Bolton, 1995b: 325; Eguchi, 2001b: 77; Zhou, 2001a: 127; Eguchi, 2008: 56; Fischer & Fisher, 2013: 332; Sarnat et al., 2015: 50.
• Senior synonym of Pheidole megacephala scabrior: Fischer & Fisher, 2013: 333; Sarnat et al., 2015: 50.
• Senior synonym of Pheidole suspiciosa: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 455; Bolton, 1995b: 325; Eguchi, 2001b: 77; Zhou, 2001a: 127; Eguchi, 2008: 56; Fischer & Fisher, 2013: 333; Sarnat et al., 2015: 50.
• Senior synonym of Pheidole testacea: Brown, 1981: 530; Brandão, 1991: 370; Bolton, 1995b: 325; Eguchi, 2001b: 77; Zhou, 2001a: 127; Eguchi, 2008: 56; Fischer & Fisher, 2013: 333; Sarnat et al., 2015: 50.
• Senior synonym of Pheidole trinodis: Roger, 1863b: 30; Emery & Forel, 1879: 463; Forel, 1891c: 176; Dalla Torre, 1893: 92; Forel, 1899b: 76; Ruzsky, 1905b: 650; Wheeler, 1919f: 65; Wheeler, 1922: 812; Bolton, 1995b: 325; Eguchi, 2001b: 77; Zhou, 2001a: 127; Eguchi, 2008: 55; Fischer & Fisher, 2013: 332; Sarnat et al., 2015: 50.

Junior synonyms

• Pheidole agilis (Smith, 1857)
  Obsolete combination(s): Myrmica agilis
• Pheidole edax (Forskål, 1775)
  Obsolete combination(s): Formica edax
• Pheidole janus Smith, 1858
• Pheidole laevigata (Smith, 1855)
  Obsolete combination(s): Myrmica laevigata
• Pheidole laevigata Mayr, 1862
• Pheidole perniciosa (Gerstäcker, 1859)
  Obsolete combination(s): Oecophthora perniciosa
• Pheidole pusilla (Heer, 1852)
  Obsolete combination(s): Oecophthora pusilla
• Pheidole suspiciosa (Smith, 1859)
  Obsolete combination(s): Myrmica suspiciosa
• Pheidole testacea (Smith, 1858)
  Obsolete combination(s): Atta testacea
• Pheidole trinodis (Losana, 1834)
  Obsolete combination(s): Myrmica trinodis

Obsolete combinations

• Formica megacephala

Citations

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