Formicinae Latreille, 1802 valid
Formicariae Latreille, 1802b: 352 [as family-group name] Type-genus: Formica
Subfamily Formicinae references
World

Mayr, 1862: 651 (genera key); Mayr, 1865: 6 (diagnosis); Handlirsch, 1907: 859 (fossil taxa catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 171 (catalogue); Emery, 1895l: 772 (synoptic classification); Emery, 1896e: 187 (genera key); Wheeler, 1910a: 143 (diagnosis); Forel, 1912j: 88 (tribes key); Forel, 1917: 248 (synoptic classification); Arnold, 1920a: 551 (diagnosis); Forel, 1921c: 139 (diagnosis); Wheeler, 1922: 210, 691 (diagnosis, tribes key); Emery, 1925d: 2 (diagnosis, tribe key, catalogue); Brown & Nutting, 1950: 127 (venation, phylogeny); Eisner, 1957: 465 (proventriculus morphology); Hung & Brown, 1966: 198 (gastric apex, structure); Bernard, 1967a: 267 (diagnosis); Gotwald, 1969b: 120 (mouthparts morphology); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1972a: 41 (diagnosis); Brown, 1973b: 169 (genera, distribution); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1976b: 62 (larvae, review and synthesis); Snelling, 1981: 402 (synoptic classification); Taylor & Brown, 1985: 107 (Australia catalogue); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1985b: 258 (synoptic classification); Billen, 1986b: 173 (Dufour's gland); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 77 (synoptic classification); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9 (synoptic classification, genera keys); Agosti, 1991: 295 (genus group diagnoses); Shattuck, 1992b: 201 (phylogeny); Baroni Urbani et al., 1992: 317 (phylogeny); Bolton, 1994: 42 (diagnosis, synoptic classification, genera keys); Bolton, 1995a: 1039 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 11 (catalogue); Wenseleers et al., 1998: 121 (cloacal gland); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2003: 417 (diagnosis for impression fossils); Bolton, 2003: 20, 93 (diagnosis, synopsis); Brady et al., 2006: 18173 (phylogeny); Moreau et al., 2006: 102 (phylogeny); Keller, 2011: 1 (morphology, phylogeny); Chen et al., 2013: 135 (phylogeny); LaPolla & Fisher, 2014b: 39 (Prenolepis genus-group genera key); Blaimer et al., 2015: 6 (phylogeny, reclassification, synopsis); Boudinot, 2015: 51 (male diagnosis); Blaimer et al., 2015: 257 (phylogeny); Ward et al., 2016: 345 (phylogeny, reclassification, synopsis); Fisher & Bolton, 2016: 47 (diagnosis); Takahashi & Aiba, 2023: 573 (fossil males [misidentified to genus]).

Regional and national faunas with keys

Mayr, 1855: 299 (Austria); Mayr, 1861: 25 (Europe); Mayr, 1868b: 25 (Baltic Amber); André, 1874b: 167 (Europe); Forel, 1874: 22 (Switzerland); Saunders, 1880: 203 (Britain); André, 1882b: 126 (Europe and Algeria); Provancher, 1887: 225 (Canada); Cresson, 1887: 94 (U.S.A. genera); Nasonov, 1889: 50 (Russia); Forel, 1891c: 8 (Madagascar genera); Lameere, 1892: 62 (Belgium); Forel, 1892k: 220 (India and Sri Lanka); Bingham, 1903: 308 (India, Sri Lanka and Burma); Ruzsky, 1905b: 100 (Russian Empire); Wasmann, 1906: 7 (Luxemburg); Bondroit, 1910: 481 (Belgium); Wheeler, 1910a: 560 (North America genera); Stitz, 1914: 80 (Central Europe); Gallardo, 1915: 35 (Argentina genera); Forel, 1915d: 45 (Switzerland); Donisthorpe, 1915f: 184 (Britain); Emery, 1916a: 216 (Italy); Wheeler, 1916r: 590 (U.S.A., Connecticut); Bondroit, 1918: 17 (France and Belgium); Arnold, 1920a: 552 (South Africa); Kutter, 1920b: 134 (Switzerland); Soudek, 1922b: 61 (Czechoslovakia); Lomnicki, 1925a: 160 (Poland); Stärcke, 1926a: 118, 146 (Netherlands); Karavaiev, 1927d: 273 (Ukraine); Donisthorpe, 1927c: 205 (Britain); Menozzi & Russo, 1930: 172 (Dominican Republic); Arnol'di, 1933a: 601 (Russia); Menozzi, 1933b: 90 (Israel genera); Karavaiev, 1936: 173 (Ukraine); Smith, 1937: 865 (Puerto Rico); Stitz, 1939: 230 (Germany); Kratochvíl, 1941b: 97 (Central Europe); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 97 (Central Europe); Cole, 1942: 373 (U.S.A., Utah); Smith, 1943e: 309 (U.S.A., males); Buren, 1944a: 292 (U.S.A., Iowa); Holgersen, 1943c: 173 (Norway); Holgersen, 1944a: 199 (Norway); Smith, 1947f: 599 (U.S.A. genera); Van Boven, 1947b: 181 (Belgium); Creighton, 1950a: 355 (Nearctic); Kusnezov, 1956a: 31 (Argentina); Brown, 1958h: 42 (New Zealand); Boven, 1959: 11 (Netherlands); Gregg, 1963: 447 (U.S.A., Colorado); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1963: 160 (U.S.A., North Dakota); Collingwood, 1964b: 104 (Britain); Bernard, 1967a: 268 (Western Europe); Wilson & Taylor, 1967b: 17 (Polynesia); Boven, 1970b: 26 (Netherlands); Kempf, 1972b: 266 (Neotropical, synoptic classification); Bolton, 1973a: 329 (West Africa genera); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 3 (Britain); Snelling & Hunt, 1976: 104 (Chile); Tarbinsky, 1976: 126 (Kyrgyzstan); Van Boven, 1977: 126 (Belgium); Kutter, 1977c: 183 (Switzerland); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 548 (former European U.S.S.R.); Collingwood, 1978: 88 (Iberian Peninsula); Collingwood, 1979: 85 (Fennoscandia and Denmark); Greenslade, 1979: 32 (South Australia genera); Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 436 (Malta); Prins, 1983: 8 (Southern Africa genera); Allred, 1982: 444 (U.S.A., Utah); Verhaeghe et al., 1984: 106 (Belgium genera); Baroni Urbani, 1984: 81 (Neotropical genera); Gösswald, 1985: 263 (Germany); Collingwood, 1985: 273 (Saudi Arabia); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986g: 58 (U.S.A., Nevada); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 68 (Norway); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 279 (Balkans); Dlussky et al., 1990: 124 (Turkmenistan); Kupyanskaya, 1990a: 162 (Far Eastern Russia); Morisita et al., 1991: 10 (Japan); Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 49 (Bulgaria); Shattuck, 1992b: 199 (higher classification, phylogeny); Lattke, 1993: 150 (Neotropical genera); Arakelian, 1994: 76 (Armenia); Wu & Wang, 1995a: 125 (China genera); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 332 (Far Eastern Russia); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 361 (Saudi Arabia); Seifert, 1996b: 166 (Central Europe); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 41 (Britain); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 21 (Portugal); Shattuck, 1999: 25, 86 (Australia genera, synopsis); Andersen, 2000: 68 (northern Australia genera); Zhou, 2001a: 165 (China, Guangxi); Czechowski et al., 2002: 147 (Poland); Aktaç & Radchenko, 2002: 54 (Turkey genera); Yoshimura & Onoyama, 2002b: 425 (Japan genera, males); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 236 (U.S.A., New Mexico); Palacio & Fernández, 2003: 242 (Neotropical genera); Radchenko, 2005b: 187 (North Korea); Coovert, 2005: 113 (U.S.A., Ohio); Clouse, 2007b: 190 (Micronesia); Seifert, 2007: 150 (North and Central Europe); Terayama, 2009: 202 (Taiwan); Heterick, 2009: 30 (south-western Australia genera); Boer, 2010: 17 (Benelux); Czechowski et al., 2012: 351 (Poland); General & Alpert, 2012: 71 (Philippines genera key); Dlussky & Perfilieva, 2014: 433 (British Eocene species key); Baccaro et al., 2015: 77, 176 (Brazil genera key, text); Radchenko, 2016: 266 (Ukraine); Fernández & Ortiz-Sepúlveda, 2019: 721 (Colombia); Heterick, 2021: 26 (Western Australia genera key); Boudinot et al., 2022: 120 (fossil tip phylogeny, divergence dating, morphological evolution); Borowiec & Salata, 2022: 53 (key to Greece genera); Herrera et al., 2024: 161 (Galápagos Islands genus, species key).

Citations

Extant: 11 valid tribes, 52 valid genera, 3,268 valid species

Fossil: 35 valid genera, 199 valid species

More statistics