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Billen, J. P. J.; Boven, J. K. A. 1983. The chemical composition of the Dufour gland contents of workers of the ant Formica cunicularia. A test for recognition of the species. Annales de la Société Royale Zoologique de Belgique 113(suppl.1):283-289.

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Billen, J. P. J.; Evershed, R. P.; Morgan, E. D. 1984. Morphological comparison of Dufour glands in workers of Acromyrmex octospinosus and Myrmica rubra. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 35:205-207.

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Billen, J. P. J.; Jackson, B. D.; Morgan, E. D. 1988b. The contents of the pygidial gland of the primitive ant Nothomyrmecia macrops (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Experientia (Basel) 44:794-797.

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