Blum, M. S. 1980. Arthropods and economes: better fitness through ecological chemistry. Pp. 207-222 in: Gilles, R. (ed.) 1980. Animal and environmental fitness. Vol. 1. Oxford: Pergamon Press, xviii + 619 pp.

Blum, M. S. 1981. Sex pheromones in social insects: chemotaxonomic potential. Pp. 163-174 in: Howse, P. E.; Clement, J.-L. (eds.) 1981. Biosystematics of social insects. Systematics Association Special Volume No. 19. London: Academic Press, 346 pp.

Blum, M. S. 1984. Poisonous ants and their venoms. Pp. 225-242 in: Tu, A. T. (ed.) 1984. Handbook of natural toxins. Volume 2. Insect poisons, allergens, and other invertebrate venoms. New York: M. Dekker, xv + 732 pp.

Blum, M. S. 1985. Alkaloidal ant venoms: chemistry and biological activities. Pp. 393-408 in: Hedin, P. A. (ed.) 1985. Bioregulators for pest control. ACS Symposium Series No. 276. Washington: American Chemical Society, xxi + 540 pp.

Blum, M. S. 1986. Ant venoms: structural and functional diversity. [Abstract.]. Journal of Toxicology. Toxin Reviews 5:173.

Blum, M. S. 1992. Ant venoms: chemical and pharmacological properties. Journal of Toxicology. Toxin Reviews 11:115-164.

Blum, M. S.; Brand, J. M.; Amante, E. 1981. o-Aminoacetophenone: identification in a primitive fungus-growing ant (Mycocepurus goeldii). Experientia (Basel) 37:816-817.

Billen, J. P. J. 1982b. Ultrastructure of the Dufour gland in ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). [Abstract.]. P. 329 in: Breed, M. D.; Michener, C. D.; Evans, H. E. (eds.) 1982. The biology of social insects. Proceedings of the Ninth Congress of the IUSSI, Boulder, Colorado, August 1982. Boulder: Westview Press, xii + 420 pp.

Billen, J. P. J. 1984a. Morphology of the tibial gland in the ant Crematogaster scutellaris. Naturwissenschaften 71:324-325.

Billen, J. P. J. 1984b. Dufour gland morphology in ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). [Abstract.]. P. 503 in: XVII International Congress of Entomology 1984. Abstract Volume. Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany, August 20-26, 1984. Hamburg: XVII International Congress of Entomology, 960 pp.

Billen, J. P. J. 1985a. Ultrastructure of the worker ovarioles in Formica ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 14:21-32.

Billen, J. P. J. 1985b. Comparative ultrastructure of the poison and Dufour glands in Old and New World army ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Actes des Colloques Insectes Sociaux 2:17-26.

Billen, J. P. J. 1985c. Ultrastructure de la glande de Pavan chez Dolichoderus quadripunctatus (L.) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Actes des Colloques Insectes Sociaux 2:87-95.

Billen, J. P. J. 1986a. Morphology and ultrastructure of the Dufour's and venom gland in the ant, Myrmica rubra (L.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 15:13-25.

Billen, J. P. J. 1987b. New structural aspects of the Dufour's and venom glands in social insects. Naturwissenschaften 74:340-341.

Billen, J. P. J. 1987c. Morphology and ultrastructure of the exocrine glands in social Hymenoptera. Pp. 81-84 in: Eder, J.; Rembold, H. (eds.) 1987. Chemistry and biology of social insects. München: Verlag J. Peperny, xxxv + 757 pp.

Billen, J. P. J. 1990a. Phylogenetic aspects of exocrine gland development in the Formicidae. Pp. 317-318 in: Veeresh, G. K.; Mallik, B.; Viraktamath, C. A. (eds.) 1990. Social insects and the environment. Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of IUSSI, 1990. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., xxxi + 765 pp.

Billen, J. P. J. 1990b. Morphology and ultrastructure of the Dufour's and venom gland in the ant Myrmecia gulosa (Fabr.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Australian Journal of Zoology 38:305-315.

Billen, J. P. J. 1990d. A survey of the glandular systems of fire ants. Pp. 85-94 in: Vander Meer, R. K.; Jaffe, K.; Cedeno, A. (eds.) 1990. Applied myrmecology: a world perspective. Boulder: Westview Press, xv + 741 pp.

Billen, J. P. J. 1994a. Morphology and classification of the exocrine glands in ants. Ari 18:1-4.

Billen, J. P. J. 1994b. Morphology of exocrine glands in social insects: an up-date 100 years after Ch. Janet. P. 214 in: Lenoir, A.; Arnold, G.; Lepage, M. (eds.) 1994. Les insectes sociaux. 12ème congrès de l'Union Internationale pour l'Étude des Insectes Sociaux. Paris, Sorbonne, 21-27 août 1994. Paris: Université Paris Nord, xxiv + 583 pp.

Billen, J. P. J.; Attygalle, A. B.; Morgan, E. D.; Ollett, D. G. 1987. The contents of the Dufour gland of the ant Pogonomyrmex occidentalis. Pp. 426-427 in: Eder, J.; Rembold, H. (eds.) 1987. Chemistry and biology of social insects. München: Verlag J. Peperny, xxxv + 757 pp.

Billen, J. P. J.; Boven, J. K. A. 1987. The metapleural gland in Old World army ants: a morphological and ultrastructural description (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Revue de Zoologie Africaine (Tervuren) 101:31-41.

Billen, J. P. J.; Boven, J. K. A. 1983. The chemical composition of the Dufour gland contents of workers of the ant Formica cunicularia. A test for recognition of the species. Annales de la Société Royale Zoologique de Belgique 113(suppl.1):283-289.

Billen, J. P. J.; Evershed, R. P.; Attygalle, A. B.; Morgan, E. D.; Ollett, D. G. 1986. Contents of Dufour glands of workers of three species of Tetramorium (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 12:669-685.

Billen, J. P. J.; Evershed, R. P.; Morgan, E. D. 1984. Morphological comparison of Dufour glands in workers of Acromyrmex octospinosus and Myrmica rubra. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 35:205-207.

Billen, J. P. J.; Jackson, B. D.; Morgan, E. D. 1988a. Secretion of the Dufour gland of the ant Nothomyrmecia macrops (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Experientia (Basel) 44:715-719.

Billen, J. P. J.; Jackson, B. D.; Morgan, E. D. 1988b. The contents of the pygidial gland of the primitive ant Nothomyrmecia macrops (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Experientia (Basel) 44:794-797.

Billen, J. P. J.; Kerkhofs, H. L. P. 1985. Ultrastructure of the ovarioles in Formica ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie 4:332-334.

Billen, J. P. J.; Peeters, C. 1991. Fine structure of the gemma gland in the ant Diacamma australe (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Belgian Journal of Zoology 121:203-210.