Savolainen, R.; Deslippe, R. J. 1996. Facultative and obligate slavery in formicine ants: frequency of slavery, and proportion and size of slaves. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 57:47-58.

Savolainen, R.; Vepsäläinen, K. 2003. Sympatric speciation through intraspecific social parasitism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100:7169-7174. PDF

Schilder, K.; Heinze, J.; Gross, R.; Hölldobler, B. 1999. Microsatellites reveal clonal structure of populations of the thelytokous ant Platythyrea punctata (F. Smith) (Hymenoptera; Formicidae). Molecular Ecology 8:1497-1507. PDF

Schlick-Steiner, B. C.; Seifert, B.; Stauffer, C.; Christian, E.; Crozier, R. H.; Steiner, F. M. 2007. Without morphology, cryptic species stay in taxonomic crypsis following discovery. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 22:391-392. PDF

Schlick-Steiner, B. C.; Steiner, F. M.; Bračko, G.; Paill, W.; Seifert, B. 2003. The temporary social parasite Lasius bicornis (Fórster, 1850) new to Slovenia, and Myrmica bessarabica Nassonov, 1889 corrected into M. specioides Bondroit, 1918 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Acta Entomologica Slovenica 11:159-162.

Schlick-Steiner, B. C.; Steiner, F. M.; Konrad, H.; Seifert, B.; Christian, E.; Moder, K.; Stauffer, C.; Crozier, R. H. 2008. Specificity and transmission mosaic of ant nest-wall fungi. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105:940-943. PDF

Schlick-Steiner, B. C.; Steiner, F. M.; Pautasso, M. 2008. Ants and people: a test of two mechanisms potentially responsible for the large-scale human population-biodiversity correlation for Formicidae in Europe. Journal of Biogeography 35:2195-2206.

Schlick-Steiner, B. C.; Steiner, F. M.; Sanetra, B. S.; Christian, E.; Stauffer, C. 2007. Lineage specific evolution of an alternative social strategy in Tetramorium ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 91:247-255.

Robertson, H. G. 1999. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Mkomazi. Pp. 321-336 in: Coe, M. J.; McWilliam, N. C.; Stone, G. N.; Packer, M. J. (eds.) 1999. Mkomazi: the ecology, biodiversity and conservation of a Tanzanian savanna. London: Royal Geographical Society (with The Institute of British Geographers), 608 pp.

Robson, S. K. A.; Kohout, R. J. 2007. A review of the nesting habits and socioecology of the ant genus Polyrhachis Fr. Smith. Asian Myrmecology 1:81-99. PDF

Robson, S. K. A.; Kohout, R. J. 2008. Nest construction in the arboreal ant Polyrhachis tubifex Karavaiev, 1926. Asian Myrmecology 2:121-123.

Roche, R. K.; Wheeler, D. E. 1997. Morphological specializations of the digestive tract of Zacryptocerus rohweri (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Morphology 234:253-262.

Rodriguez-Garza, J. A. 1997. Ergatandromorphism in Odontomachus clarus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomological News 108:236-238.

Rojas Fernández, P. 1996. Formicidae (Hymenoptera). Pp. 483-500 in: González Soriano, E. (ed.) 1996. Biodiversidad, taxonomía y biogeografía de artrópodos de México: hacia una síntesis de su conocimiento. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, xvi + 660 pp.

Rojas Fernández, P. 2001. Las hormigas del suelo en México: diversidad, distribución e importancia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n.s.)1(número especial):189-238.

Rojas, P.; Fragoso, C. 2000. Composition, diversity, and distribution of a Chihuahuan desert ant community (Mapimí, México). Journal of Arid Environments 44:213-227.

Rojas-Fernández, P. 2009. El género Thaumatomyrmex Mayr 1887 en México (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n.s.)25:61-70. PDF

Roma, G. C.; Bueno, O. C.; Camargo Mathias, M. I. 2005. Comparative study of the fat body in some genera of the Attini tribe (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 45:449-462. PDF

Ronquist, F.; Rasnitsyn, A. P.; Roy, A.; Eriksson, K.; Lindgren, M. 1999. Phylogeny of the Hymenoptera: a cladistic reanalysis of Rasnitysn's (1988) data. Zoologica Scripta 28:13-50. PDF

Ross, K. G. 1997. Multilocus selection in fire ants: effects of selection, gene flow and recombination. Genetics 145:961-974.

Ross, K. G.; Gotzek, D.; Ascunce, M. S.; Shoemaker, D. D. 2010. Species delimitation: a case study in a problematic ant taxon. Systematic Biology 59:162-184. PDF

Ross, K. G.; Keller, L. 1998. Genetic control of social organization in an ant. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95:14232-14237.

Ross, K. G.; Krieger, M. J. B.; Shoemaker, D. D.; Vargo, E. L.; Keller, L. 1997. Hierarchical analysis of genetic structure in native fire ant populations: results from three classes of molecular markers. Genetics 147:643-655.

Ross, K. G.; Shoemaker, D. D. 2005. Species delimitation in native South American fire ants. Molecular Ecology 14:3419-3438. PDF

Ruano, F.; Tinaut, A.; Soler, J. J. 2000. High surface temperatures select for individual foraging in ants. Behavioral Ecology 11:396-404.

Rüger, M. H.; Heinze, J.; Foitzik, S. 2005. Polymorphic microsatellite loci in the ponerine ant, Hypoponera opacior (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Molecular Ecology Notes 5:236-238. PDF

Radchenko, A.; Antonova, V. 2004. First record of Myrmica rugulososcabrinodis Karawajew, 1929 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Bulgaria. Myrmecologische Nachrichten 6:19-21. PDF

Radchenko, A.; Czechowska, W.; Czechowski, W. 2004. Mrówki - Formicidae. Klucze do Oznaczania Owadów Polski 24(63):1-138. PDF

Radchenko, A.; Czechowska, W.; Czechowski, W.; Antonova, V.; Stankiewicz, A. 2005. Myrmica lacustris Ruzsky (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), an ant species new for Poland. Fragmenta Faunistica (Warsaw) 48:167-174.

Radchenko, A.; Czechowski, W. 1997. Doronomyrmex kutteri (Buschinger, 1965) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) - a representative of a genus new to Poland. Fragmenta Faunistica (Warsaw) 40:47-51.