Ranta, E.; Vepsäläinen, K.; Ås, S.; Haila, Y.; Pisarski, B.; Tiainen, J. 1983. Island biogeography of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in four Fennoscandian archipelagoes. Acta Entomologica Fennica 42:64.

Rosengren, R.; Pamilo, P. 1983. The evolution of polygyny and polydomy in mound-building Formica ants. Acta Entomologica Fennica 42:65-77.