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Pamilo, P.; Rosengren, R.; Vepsäläinen, K.; Varvio-Aho, S.-L.; Pisarski, B. 1978. Population genetics of Formica ants. I. Patterns of enzyme gene variation. Hereditas (Lund) 89:233-248.

Rosengren, M.; Rosengren, R.; Soderlund, V. 1980. Chromosome numbers in the genus Formica with special reference to the taxonomical position of Formica uralensis Ruzsk. and Formica truncorum Fabr. Hereditas (Lund) 92:321-326. PDF

Pamilo, P. 1982. Multiple mating in Formica ants. Hereditas (Lund) 97:37-45.

Tegelström, H.; Nilsson, G.; Wyöni, P.-I. 1983. Lack of species differences in isoelectric focused proteins in the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Hereditas (Lund) 98:161-165.