<ref name="Umphrey_2006">{{cite journal |first1=G. J. |last1=Umphrey |year=2006 |title=Sperm parasitism in ants: selection for interspecific mating and hybridization |url=https://antcat.org/documents/4731/Umphrey_2006_Ecology.pdf |journal=Ecology |publisher= |volume=87 |issue= |pages=2148–2159 |doi= }}</ref>