<ref name="Goropashnaya_et_al_2004">{{cite journal |first1=A. V. |last1=Goropashnaya |first2=V. B. |last2=Fedorov |first3=P. |last3=Pamilo |year=2004 |title=Recent speciation in the ''Formica rufa'' group ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): inference from mitochondrial DNA phylogeny |url=https://antcat.org/documents/4401/Goropashnaya_et_al_2004_Mol_Phylogenet_Evol.pdf |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |publisher= |volume=32 |issue= |pages=198–206 |doi= }}</ref>