<ref name="Wheeler_1905">{{cite journal |first1=W. M. |last1=Wheeler |year=1905 |title=Some remarks on temporary social parasitism and the phylogeny of slavery among ants |url=https://antcat.org/documents/3410/10522.pdf |journal=Biologisches Centralblatt |publisher= |volume=25 |issue= |pages=637–644 |doi= }}</ref>