<ref name="Savage_1849">{{cite journal |first1=T. S. |last1=Savage |year=1849 |title=The driver ants of western Africa |url=https://antcat.org/documents/2668/2542.pdf |journal=Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia |publisher= |volume=4 |issue= |pages=195–200 |doi= }}</ref>