<ref name="Pollock_&_Rissing_1989">{{cite journal |first1=G. B. |last1=Pollock |first2=S. W. |last2=Rissing |year=1989 |title=Intraspecific brood raiding, territoriality, and slavery in ants |url= |journal=American Naturalist |publisher= |volume=133 |issue= |pages=61–70 |doi= }}</ref>