<ref name="Leprince_&_Francoeur_1986">{{cite journal |first1=D. J. |last1=Leprince |first2=A. |last2=Francoeur |year=1986 |title=Hilltop swarming by ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in southwestern Quebec and interspecific competition at the swarm marker |url= |journal=Annals of the Entomological Society of America |publisher= |volume=79 |issue= |pages=865–869 |doi= }}</ref>