<ref name="Hung_et_al_1977">{{cite journal |first1=A. C. F. |last1=Hung |first2=M. R. |last2=Barlin |first3=S. B. |last3=Vinson |year=1977 |title=Identification, distribution, and biology of fire ants in Texas |url= |journal=Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin |publisher= |volume=1185 |issue= |pages=1–24 |doi= }}</ref>