<ref name="Heinze_1993">{{cite journal |first1=J. |last1=Heinze |year=1993 |title=Life histories of subarctic ants |url=https://antcat.org/documents/8695/10-2307_40511437.pdf |journal=Arctic |publisher= |volume=46 |issue=4 |pages=354–358 |doi= }}</ref>