<ref name="Espadaler_1978">{{cite journal |first1=X. |last1=Espadaler |year=1978 |title=Descripción de los sexuados de ''Tapinoma pygmaeum'' (Dufour, 1857) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) |url=https://antcat.org/documents/1232/5011.pdf |journal=Vie et Milieu. Série C. Biologie Terrestre |publisher= |volume=27 |issue= |pages=119–128 |doi= }}</ref>