<ref name="Carlin_&_Hölldobler_1986">{{cite journal |first1=N. F. |last1=Carlin |first2=B. |last2=Hölldobler |year=1986 |title=The kin recognition system of carpenter ants (''Camponotus'' spp.). I. Hierarchical cues in small colonies |url=https://antcat.org/documents/8436/carlin_et_al_1987_behav_ecol_sociobiol_kin_recognition_system_carpenter_ants.pdf |journal=Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |publisher= |volume=19 |issue= |pages=123–134 |doi= }}</ref>